TrianglesMeshReader.cpp

/*

Copyright (c) 2005-2017, University of Oxford.
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 * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
   software without specific prior written permission.

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AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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*/
#include <cassert>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

#include "TrianglesMeshReader.hpp"
#include "Exception.hpp"

static const char* NODES_FILE_EXTENSION = ".node";
static const char* ELEMENTS_FILE_EXTENSION = ".ele";
static const char* FACES_FILE_EXTENSION = ".face";
static const char* EDGES_FILE_EXTENSION = ".edge";
static const char* NCL_FILE_EXTENSION = ".ncl";
static const char* CABLE_FILE_EXTENSION = ".cable";

// Implementation

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::TrianglesMeshReader(std::string pathBaseName,
                                                                 unsigned orderOfElements,
                                                                 unsigned orderOfBoundaryElements,
                                                                 bool readContainingElementForBoundaryElements)
    : mFilesBaseName(pathBaseName),
      mNodeItemWidth(0),
      mElementItemWidth(0),
      mFaceItemWidth(0),
      mNumNodes(0),
      mNumElements(0),
      mNumFaces(0),
      mNumCableElements(0),
      mNodesRead(0),
      mElementsRead(0),
      mCableElementsRead(0),
      mFacesRead(0),
      mBoundaryFacesRead(0),
      mNclItemsRead(0),
      mNumNodeAttributes(0),
      mNumElementAttributes(0),
      mNumFaceAttributes(0),
      mNumCableElementAttributes(0),
      mOrderOfElements(orderOfElements),
      mOrderOfBoundaryElements(orderOfBoundaryElements),
      mEofException(false),
      mReadContainingElementOfBoundaryElement(readContainingElementForBoundaryElements),
      mFilesAreBinary(false),
      mMeshIsHexahedral(false),
      mNodeFileReadBuffer(nullptr),
      mElementFileReadBuffer(nullptr),
      mFaceFileReadBuffer(nullptr),
      mNodePermutationDefined(false)
{
    // Only linear and quadratic elements
    assert(orderOfElements==1 || orderOfElements==2);
    if (mOrderOfBoundaryElements == 2 &&  mReadContainingElementOfBoundaryElement)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Boundary element file should not have containing element info if it is quadratic");
    }
    if (mOrderOfElements==1)
    {
        mNodesPerElement = ELEMENT_DIM+1;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(SPACE_DIM==ELEMENT_DIM); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
        mNodesPerElement = (ELEMENT_DIM+1)*(ELEMENT_DIM+2)/2;
    }

    if (mOrderOfBoundaryElements==1)
    {
        mNodesPerBoundaryElement = ELEMENT_DIM;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(SPACE_DIM==ELEMENT_DIM); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
        mNodesPerBoundaryElement = ELEMENT_DIM*(ELEMENT_DIM+1)/2;
    }

    mIndexFromZero = false; // Initially assume that nodes are not numbered from zero

    OpenFiles();
    ReadHeaders();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::~TrianglesMeshReader()
{
    delete[] mNodeFileReadBuffer;
    delete[] mElementFileReadBuffer;
    delete[] mFaceFileReadBuffer;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumElements() const
{
    return mNumElements;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumNodes() const
{
    return mNumNodes;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumFaces() const
{
    return mNumFaces;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumCableElements() const
{
    return mNumCableElements;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumElementAttributes() const
{
    return mNumElementAttributes;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumFaceAttributes() const
{
    return mNumFaceAttributes;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
unsigned TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNumCableElementAttributes() const
{
    return mNumCableElementAttributes;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::Reset()
{
    CloseFiles();

    mNodesRead = 0;
    mElementsRead = 0;
    mFacesRead = 0;
    mBoundaryFacesRead = 0;
    mCableElementsRead = 0;
    mNclItemsRead = 0;
    mEofException = false;

    OpenFiles();
    ReadHeaders();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
std::vector<double> TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextNode()
{
    std::vector<double> ret_coords(SPACE_DIM);

    mNodeAttributes.clear(); // clear attributes for this node
    GetNextItemFromStream(mNodesFile, mNodesRead, ret_coords, mNumNodeAttributes, mNodeAttributes);

    mNodesRead++;
    return ret_coords;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
ElementData TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextElementData()
{
    ElementData element_data;
    element_data.NodeIndices.resize(mNodesPerElement);
    element_data.AttributeValue = 0.0; // If an attribute is not read this stays as zero, otherwise overwritten.

    std::vector<double> element_attributes;
    GetNextItemFromStream(mElementsFile, mElementsRead, element_data.NodeIndices, mNumElementAttributes, element_attributes);

    if (mNumElementAttributes > 0)
    {
        element_data.AttributeValue = element_attributes[0];
    }

    EnsureIndexingFromZero(element_data.NodeIndices);

    mElementsRead++;

    if (mNodePermutationDefined)
    {
        for (std::vector<unsigned>::iterator node_it = element_data.NodeIndices.begin();
             node_it != element_data.NodeIndices.end();
             ++ node_it)
        {
            assert(*node_it < mPermutationVector.size());
            *node_it =  mPermutationVector[*node_it];
        }
    }

    return element_data;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
ElementData TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextCableElementData()
{
    ElementData element_data;
    element_data.NodeIndices.resize(2u);
    element_data.AttributeValue = 0; // If an attribute is not read this stays as zero, otherwise overwritten.

    std::vector<double> cable_element_attributes;
    GetNextItemFromStream(mCableElementsFile, mCableElementsRead, element_data.NodeIndices, mNumCableElementAttributes, cable_element_attributes);
    if (mNumCableElementAttributes > 0)
    {
        element_data.AttributeValue = cable_element_attributes[0];
    }

    EnsureIndexingFromZero(element_data.NodeIndices);

    mCableElementsRead++;

    // Node permutation can only be done with binary data...
//    if (mNodePermutationDefined)
//    {
//        for (std::vector<unsigned>::iterator node_it = element_data.NodeIndices.begin();
//             node_it != element_data.NodeIndices.end();
//             ++ node_it)
//        {
//            assert(*node_it < mPermutationVector.size());
//            *node_it =  mPermutationVector[*node_it];
//        }
//    }

    return element_data;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
ElementData TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextFaceData()
{
    ElementData face_data;
    std::vector<unsigned> ret_indices;

    // In the first case there's no file, all the nodes are set as faces
    if (ELEMENT_DIM == 1)
    {
        ret_indices.push_back( mOneDimBoundary[mBoundaryFacesRead] );
    }
    else
    {
        ret_indices.resize(mNodesPerBoundaryElement);

        assert(ELEMENT_DIM != 0); // LCOV_EXCL_LINE //Covered in earlier exception, but needed in loop guard here.
        do
        {
            face_data.AttributeValue = 1.0; // If an attribute is not read this stays as one, otherwise overwritten.

            std::vector<double> face_attributes; //will store face attributes, if any
            if (mReadContainingElementOfBoundaryElement)
            {
                assert(mNumFaceAttributes == 0);
                GetNextItemFromStream(mFacesFile, mFacesRead, ret_indices, 1, face_attributes);

                if (face_attributes.size() > 0)
                {
                    face_data.ContainingElement = (unsigned) face_attributes[0];// only one face attribute registered for the moment
                }

            }
            else
            {
                GetNextItemFromStream(mFacesFile, mFacesRead, ret_indices, mNumFaceAttributes,
                                      face_attributes);

                if (mNumFaceAttributes > 0)
                {
                    face_data.AttributeValue = face_attributes[0]; //only one face attribute registered for the moment
                }
            }

            EnsureIndexingFromZero(ret_indices);

            mFacesRead++;
        }
        while (ELEMENT_DIM==2 && face_data.AttributeValue==0.0); //In triangles format we ignore internal edges (which are marked with attribute 0)
    }

    mBoundaryFacesRead++;

    if (mNodePermutationDefined)
    {
        for (std::vector<unsigned>::iterator node_it = ret_indices.begin();
             node_it != ret_indices.end();
             ++ node_it)
        {
            assert(*node_it < mPermutationVector.size());
            *node_it =  mPermutationVector[*node_it];
        }
    }

    face_data.NodeIndices = ret_indices;

    return face_data;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
std::vector<double> TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNode(unsigned index)
{
    if (!mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Random access is only implemented in mesh readers for binary mesh files.");
    }
    if (index >= mNumNodes)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Node does not exist - not enough nodes.");
    }

    if (mNodePermutationDefined)
    {
        assert(index<mInversePermutationVector.size());
        index = mInversePermutationVector[index];
    }

    // Put the file stream pointer to the right location
    if (index > mNodesRead)
    {
        // This is a monotonic (but non-contiguous) read.  Let's assume that it's more efficient
        // to seek from the current position rather than from the start of the file
        mNodesFile.seekg( mNodeItemWidth*(index-mNodesRead), std::ios_base::cur);
    }
    else if (mNodesRead != index)
    {
        mNodesFile.seekg(mNodeFileDataStart + mNodeItemWidth*index, std::ios_base::beg);
    }

    mNodesRead = index; // Allow GetNextNode() to note the position of the item after this one
    // Read the next item.
    return GetNextNode();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
ElementData TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetElementData(unsigned index)
{
    if (!mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Random access is only implemented in mesh readers for binary mesh files.");
    }
    if (index >= mNumElements)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Element " << index << " does not exist - not enough elements (only " << mNumElements << ").");
    }

    // Put the file stream pointer to the right location
    if (index > mElementsRead)
    {
        // This is a monotonic (but non-contiguous) read.  Let's assume that it's more efficient
        // to seek from the current position rather than from the start of the file
        mElementsFile.seekg( mElementItemWidth*(index-mElementsRead), std::ios_base::cur);
    }
    else if (mElementsRead != index)
    {
        mElementsFile.seekg(mElementFileDataStart + mElementItemWidth*index, std::ios_base::beg);
    }

    mElementsRead = index; // Allow GetNextElementData() to note the position of the item after this one
    // Read the next item.
    return GetNextElementData();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
ElementData TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetFaceData(unsigned index)
{
    if (!mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Random access is only implemented in mesh readers for binary mesh files.");
    }
    if (index >=mNumFaces)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Face does not exist - not enough faces.");
    }

    /*
     *
    if (index > mFacesRead)
    {
        // This would be a monotonic (but non-contiguous) read. But we don't actually read faces with this access pattern.
        mFacesFile.seekg( mFaceItemWidth*(index-mFacesRead), std::ios_base::cur);
    }
    else
    */
    // Put the file stream pointer to the right location
    if (mFacesRead != index)
    {
        mFacesFile.seekg(mFaceFileDataStart + mFaceItemWidth*index, std::ios_base::beg);
    }
    mFacesRead = index; // Allow next call to mark the position in the file stream

    // Read the next item
    return GetNextFaceData();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
std::vector<unsigned> TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetContainingElementIndices(unsigned index)
{
    if (!mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        EXCEPTION("NCL file functionality is only implemented in mesh readers for binary mesh files.");
    }

    if (!mNclFileAvailable)
    {
        EXCEPTION("No NCL file available for this mesh.");
    }
    if (index >= mNumNodes)
    {
        EXCEPTION("Connectivity list does not exist - not enough nodes.");
    }

    if (mNodePermutationDefined)
    {
        assert(index < mInversePermutationVector.size());
        index = mInversePermutationVector[index];
    }

    // Put the file stream pointer to the right location
    if (index > mNclItemsRead)
    {
        // This is a monotonic (but non-contiguous) read.  Let's assume that it's more efficient
        // to seek from the current position rather than from the start of the file
        mNclFile.seekg( mNclItemWidth*(index-mNclItemsRead), std::ios_base::cur);
    }
    else if  ( mNclItemsRead != index )
    {
        mNclFile.seekg(mNclFileDataStart + mNclItemWidth*index, std::ios_base::beg);
    }

    // Read the next item
    std::vector<unsigned> containing_element_indices;
    containing_element_indices.resize(mMaxContainingElements);

    std::vector<double> dummy; // unused here
    GetNextItemFromStream(mNclFile, index, containing_element_indices, 0, dummy);
    mNclItemsRead = index + 1; //Ready for the next call

    EnsureIndexingFromZero(containing_element_indices);

    unsigned num_containing_elements = mMaxContainingElements;
    while ( containing_element_indices[num_containing_elements-1] == UINT_MAX )
    {
        num_containing_elements--;
    }

    containing_element_indices.resize(num_containing_elements);

    return containing_element_indices;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenFiles()
{
    OpenNodeFile();
    OpenElementsFile();
    OpenFacesFile();
    OpenNclFile();
    OpenCableElementsFile();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenNodeFile()
{
    // Nodes definition
    std::string file_name = mFilesBaseName + NODES_FILE_EXTENSION;
    mNodesFile.open(file_name.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
    if (!mNodesFile.is_open())
    {
        EXCEPTION("Could not open data file: " + file_name);
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenElementsFile()
{
    // Elements definition
    std::string file_name;
    if (ELEMENT_DIM == SPACE_DIM)
    {
        file_name = mFilesBaseName + ELEMENTS_FILE_EXTENSION;
    }
    else
    {
        if (ELEMENT_DIM == 1)
        {
            file_name = mFilesBaseName + EDGES_FILE_EXTENSION;
        }
        else if (ELEMENT_DIM == 2)
        {
            file_name = mFilesBaseName + FACES_FILE_EXTENSION;
        }
        else
        {
            EXCEPTION("Can't have a zero-dimensional mesh in a one-dimensional space");
        }
    }

    mElementsFile.open(file_name.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
    if (!mElementsFile.is_open())
    {
        EXCEPTION("Could not open data file: " + file_name);
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenFacesFile()
{
    // Faces/edges definition
    std::string file_name;
    if (ELEMENT_DIM == 3)
    {
        file_name = mFilesBaseName + FACES_FILE_EXTENSION;
    }
    else if (ELEMENT_DIM == 2)
    {
        file_name = mFilesBaseName + EDGES_FILE_EXTENSION;
    }
    else //if (ELEMENT_DIM == 1)
    {
        // There is no file, data will be read from the node file (with boundaries marked)
        return;
    }

    mFacesFile.open(file_name.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
    if (!mFacesFile.is_open())
    {
        EXCEPTION("Could not open data file: " + file_name);
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenNclFile()
{
    std::string file_name = mFilesBaseName + NCL_FILE_EXTENSION;
    mNclFile.open(file_name.c_str(), std::ios::binary);

    mNclFileAvailable = mNclFile.is_open();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::OpenCableElementsFile()
{
    std::string file_name = mFilesBaseName + CABLE_FILE_EXTENSION;
    mCableElementsFile.open(file_name.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
    if (!mCableElementsFile.is_open())
    {
        mNumCableElements = 0u;
        mNumCableElementAttributes = 0u;
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
std::vector<double> TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNodeAttributes()
{
    return mNodeAttributes;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::ReadHeaders()
{
    /*
     * Reading node file header
     */
    std::string buffer;
    GetNextLineFromStream(mNodesFile, buffer);
    std::stringstream node_header_line(buffer);
    unsigned dimension;
    node_header_line >> mNumNodes >> dimension >> mNumNodeAttributes >> mMaxNodeBdyMarker;
    if (SPACE_DIM != dimension)
    {
        EXCEPTION("SPACE_DIM  != dimension read from file ");
    }

    // Is there anything else on the header line?
    std::string extras;
    node_header_line >> extras;
    if (extras == "BIN")
    {
        mFilesAreBinary = true;
        mNodeFileDataStart = mNodesFile.tellg(); // Record the position of the first byte after the header.
        mNodeItemWidth = SPACE_DIM * sizeof(double);

        // We enforce that all binary files (written by Chaste) are indexed from zero
        mIndexFromZero = true;
    }
    else
    {
        // #1621 - ncl files are only supported in binary read mode.
        assert(!mNclFileAvailable);

        // Get the next line to see if it is indexed from zero or not
        GetNextLineFromStream(mNodesFile, buffer);
        std::stringstream node_first_line(buffer);
        unsigned first_index;
        node_first_line >> first_index;
        assert(first_index == 0 || first_index == 1);
        mIndexFromZero = (first_index == 0);

        // Close, reopen, skip header
        mNodesFile.close();
        OpenNodeFile();
        GetNextLineFromStream(mNodesFile, buffer);
    }

    /*
     * Reading element file header
     */
    GetNextLineFromStream(mElementsFile, buffer);
    std::stringstream element_header_line(buffer);

    unsigned extra_attributes = 0;

    if (ELEMENT_DIM == SPACE_DIM)
    {
        element_header_line >> mNumElements >> mNumElementNodes >> mNumElementAttributes;

        extra_attributes = mNumElementAttributes;

        // Is there anything else on the header line?
        std::string element_extras;
        element_header_line >> element_extras;
        if (element_extras == "BIN")
        {
            // Double check for binaryness
            assert (mFilesAreBinary);
        }
        else if (element_extras == "HEX")
        {
            mMeshIsHexahedral = true;
            if (ELEMENT_DIM == 2)
            {
                mNodesPerElement = 4;
                mNodesPerBoundaryElement = 2;
            }
            if (ELEMENT_DIM == 3)
            {
                mNodesPerElement = 8;
                mNodesPerBoundaryElement = 4;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            assert (element_extras == "");
        }

        // The condition below allows the writer to cope with a NodesOnlyMesh
        if (mNumElements != 0)
        {
            if (mNumElementNodes != mNodesPerElement)
            {
                EXCEPTION("Number of nodes per elem, " << mNumElementNodes << ", does not match "
                      << "expected number, " << mNodesPerElement << " (which is calculated given "
                      << "the order of elements chosen, " << mOrderOfElements << " (1=linear, 2=quadratics)");
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Note that .face files don't have the number of nodes in a face element in the header (its element dim +1)
        element_header_line >> mNumElements >> mNumFaceAttributes;

        extra_attributes = mNumFaceAttributes;

        if (ELEMENT_DIM == 1 || ELEMENT_DIM == 2)
        {
            mNumElementAttributes = mNumFaceAttributes;
        }

        // Is there anything else on the header line?
        std::string element_extras;
        element_header_line >> element_extras;
        if (element_extras == "BIN")
        {
            // Double check for binaryness
            assert (mFilesAreBinary);
        }

        mNodesPerElement = ELEMENT_DIM+1;
    }

    if (mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        mElementFileDataStart = mElementsFile.tellg(); // Record the position of the first byte after the header.
        mElementItemWidth = mNodesPerElement*sizeof(unsigned) +  extra_attributes*sizeof(double);
    }

    /*
     * Reading face/edge file header.
     * The condition below allows the writer to cope with a NodesOnlyMesh.
     */
    if (mNumElements != 0)
    {
        if (ELEMENT_DIM == 1)
        {
           GetOneDimBoundary();
           mNumFaces = mOneDimBoundary.size();
        }
        else
        {
            GetNextLineFromStream(mFacesFile, buffer);
            std::stringstream face_header_line(buffer);

            face_header_line >> mNumFaces >> mNumFaceAttributes;
            assert(mNumFaceAttributes==0 || mNumFaceAttributes==1);

            /*
             * If mNumFaceAttributes=1 then loop over and set mNumFaces to be
             * the number of faces which are marked as boundary faces.
             * Double check for binaryness.
             */
            std::string face_extras;
            face_header_line >> face_extras;
            assert (mFilesAreBinary == (face_extras == "BIN"));
            if (mNumFaceAttributes==1)
            {
                unsigned num_boundary_faces = 0;
                bool end_of_file=false;
                while (!end_of_file)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        GetNextFaceData();
                        num_boundary_faces++;
                    }
                    catch(Exception& e)
                    {
                        if (mEofException)
                        {
                            end_of_file = true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            throw e;
                        }
                    }
                }
                mNumFaces = num_boundary_faces;

    //            if (mNumFaces==0)
    //            {
    //                EXCEPTION("No boundary elements found. NOTE: elements in face/edge file with an attribute value of 0 are considered to be internal (non-boundary) elements");
    //            }

                // close the file, reopen, and skip the header again
                mFacesFile.close();
                mFacesFile.clear(); // Older versions of gcc don't explicitly reset "fail" and "eof" flags in std::ifstream after calling close()
                OpenFacesFile();
                GetNextLineFromStream(mFacesFile, buffer);
                mFacesRead = 0;
                mBoundaryFacesRead = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    if (mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        mFaceFileDataStart = mFacesFile.tellg(); // Record the position of the first byte after the header.
        mFaceItemWidth = ELEMENT_DIM*sizeof(unsigned) + mNumFaceAttributes*sizeof(double);
    }

    /*
     * Read NCL file (if one is available)
     */
    if (mNclFileAvailable)
    {
        GetNextLineFromStream(mNclFile, buffer);
        std::stringstream ncl_header_line(buffer);
        unsigned num_nodes_in_file;
        ncl_header_line >> num_nodes_in_file >> mMaxContainingElements;

        if (mNumNodes != num_nodes_in_file)
        {
            EXCEPTION("NCL file does not contain the correct number of nodes for mesh");
        }

        mNclFileDataStart = mNclFile.tellg(); // Record the position of the first byte after the header
        mNclItemWidth = mMaxContainingElements * sizeof(unsigned);
    }

    /*
     * Read cable file (if one is available)
     */
    if (mCableElementsFile.is_open())
    {
        GetNextLineFromStream(mCableElementsFile, buffer);
        std::stringstream cable_header_line(buffer);
        unsigned num_nodes_per_cable_element;
        cable_header_line >> mNumCableElements >> num_nodes_per_cable_element >> mNumCableElementAttributes;
        assert(num_nodes_per_cable_element == 2u);
        mCableElementsRead = 0u;
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::CloseFiles()
{
    mNodesFile.close();
    mElementsFile.close();
    mFacesFile.close();
    mNclFile.close();
    mCableElementsFile.close();
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextLineFromStream(std::ifstream& rFileStream, std::string& rRawLine)
{
    bool line_is_blank;
    mEofException = false;
    do
    {
        getline(rFileStream, rRawLine, '\n');
        if (rFileStream.eof())
        {
            mEofException = true;
            EXCEPTION("File contains incomplete data: unexpected end of file.");
        }

        // Get rid of any comment
        rRawLine = rRawLine.substr(0, rRawLine.find('#',0));

        line_is_blank = (rRawLine.find_first_not_of(" \t",0) == std::string::npos);
    }
    while (line_is_blank);
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
template<class T_DATA>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream& rFileStream, unsigned expectedItemNumber,
                               std::vector<T_DATA>& rDataPacket, const unsigned& rNumAttributes, std::vector<double>& rAttributes)
{
    if (mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        if (!rDataPacket.empty()) // Avoid MSVC 10 assertion
        {
            rFileStream.read((char*)&rDataPacket[0], rDataPacket.size()*sizeof(T_DATA));
        }
        if (rNumAttributes > 0)
        {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < rNumAttributes; i++)
            {
                double attribute;
                rFileStream.read((char*) &attribute, sizeof(double));
                rAttributes.push_back(attribute);
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        std::string buffer;
        GetNextLineFromStream(rFileStream, buffer);
        std::stringstream buffer_stream(buffer);

        unsigned item_index;
        buffer_stream >> item_index;

        // If we are indexing from zero our expected item number is one larger
        expectedItemNumber += mIndexFromZero ? 0 : 1;

        if (item_index != expectedItemNumber)
        {
            if (!mIndexFromZero)
            {
                // To fix the exception message to agree with file format
                expectedItemNumber--;
            }
            EXCEPTION("Data for item " << expectedItemNumber << " missing");
        }

        for (unsigned i=0; i<rDataPacket.size(); i++)
        {
            buffer_stream >> rDataPacket[i];
        }

        if (rNumAttributes > 0)
        {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < rNumAttributes; i++)
            {
                double attribute;
                buffer_stream >> attribute;
                if (buffer_stream.fail())
                {
                    EXCEPTION("Error in reading attribute index " << i << " (out of " << rNumAttributes << ") in one of the files in " << mFilesBaseName);
                }
                rAttributes.push_back(attribute);
            }
        }
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
std::string TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetMeshFileBaseName()
{
    return mFilesBaseName;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::GetOneDimBoundary()
{
    assert(ELEMENT_DIM == 1);    // LCOV_EXCL_LINE
    mNumFaceAttributes = 0;
    if (!mOneDimBoundary.empty())
    {
        // We have already read this and have reset the reader (probably from the mesh class)
        return;
    }
    std::vector<unsigned> node_indices(2);
    std::vector<double> dummy_attribute; // unused

    // Count how many times we see each node
    std::vector<unsigned> node_count(mNumNodes); // Covers the case if it's indexed from 1
    for (unsigned element_index=0; element_index<mNumElements;element_index++)
    {
        GetNextItemFromStream(mElementsFile, element_index, node_indices, mNumElementAttributes, dummy_attribute);
        if (!mIndexFromZero)
        {
            // Adjust so we are indexing from zero
            node_indices[0]--;
            node_indices[1]--;
        }
        node_count[node_indices[0]]++;
        node_count[node_indices[1]]++;
    }

    // Find the ones which are terminals (only one mention)
    for (unsigned node_index=0; node_index<mNumNodes;node_index++)
    {
        if (node_count[node_index] == 1u)
        {
            mOneDimBoundary.push_back(node_index);
        }
    }

    // Close the file, reopen, and skip the header again
    mElementsFile.close();
    mElementsFile.clear(); // Older versions of gcc don't explicitly reset "fail" and "eof" flags in std::ifstream after calling close()
    OpenElementsFile();
    std::string buffer;
    GetNextLineFromStream(mElementsFile, buffer);
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::EnsureIndexingFromZero(std::vector<unsigned>& rNodeIndices)
{
    if (!mIndexFromZero) // If node indices do not start at zero move them all down one so they do
    {
        for (unsigned i=0; i<rNodeIndices.size(); i++)
        {
            rNodeIndices[i]--;
        }
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
bool TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::IsFileFormatBinary()
{
    return mFilesAreBinary;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
bool TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::HasNclFile()
{
    return mNclFileAvailable;
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::SetReadBufferSize(unsigned bufferSize)
{
    mNodeFileReadBuffer = new char[bufferSize];
    mElementFileReadBuffer = new char[bufferSize];
    mFaceFileReadBuffer = new char[bufferSize];

    mNodesFile.rdbuf()->pubsetbuf(mNodeFileReadBuffer, bufferSize);
    mElementsFile.rdbuf()->pubsetbuf(mElementFileReadBuffer, bufferSize);
    mFacesFile.rdbuf()->pubsetbuf(mFaceFileReadBuffer, bufferSize);
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
void TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::SetNodePermutation(std::vector<unsigned>& rPermutationVector)
{
    if (!mFilesAreBinary)
    {
        // It would be too inefficient otherwise...
        EXCEPTION("Permuted read can only be used with binary files since it requires random access to the node file.");
    }

    mNodePermutationDefined = true;
    mPermutationVector = rPermutationVector;
    mInversePermutationVector.resize(mPermutationVector.size());
    for (unsigned index=0; index<mPermutationVector.size(); index++)
    {
        mInversePermutationVector[mPermutationVector[index]]=index;
    }
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
bool TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::HasNodePermutation()
{
    return(mNodePermutationDefined);
}

template<unsigned ELEMENT_DIM, unsigned SPACE_DIM>
const std::vector<unsigned>& TrianglesMeshReader<ELEMENT_DIM, SPACE_DIM>::rGetNodePermutation()
{
    return mPermutationVector;
}

// Explicit instantiation
template class TrianglesMeshReader<0,1>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<1,1>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<1,2>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<1,3>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<2,2>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<2,3>;
template class TrianglesMeshReader<3,3>;


template void TrianglesMeshReader<0,1>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<0,1>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,1>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,1>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,2>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,2>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<1,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<2,2>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<2,2>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<2,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<2,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<3,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<unsigned>&, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);
template void TrianglesMeshReader<3,3>::GetNextItemFromStream(std::ifstream&, unsigned, std::vector<double>  &, const unsigned&, std::vector<double>&);